Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by harm to the retinal blood vessels, which ultimately results in visual loss. Diseases that affect the posterior segment of the eye, such as cytomegalovirus retinitis, posterior uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, necessitate the development of a novel delivery system that can increase the level of drug that reaches the posterior segment of the eye. The current therapies for DR are intrusive, costly, and time-consuming. The creation of innovative medication delivery systems has gained prominence in the area of research, with nanotechnology being the much heavily explored option. As a novel formulation for drug delivery, Nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, niosomes, nanomicelles, nanoemulsions, nanogels, cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and quantum dots are among the nanotechnology-based systems being developed. The logic behind nanoparticle systems is their capacity to build a painless, safe, non-invasive system with a prolonged, controlled release dosage form to succeed over primary limitations in the management of DR. This review study addresses newly developed sustained drug release as well as innovative non-invasive drug delivery systems that have had different degrees of success in local drug delivery to retinal circulation.
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