Abstract

GC/MS Comparison Study of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oils Extracted by Hydrodistillation and Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation from North Regions in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author(s): Mahmood Salman, El-Sayed S Abdel-Hameed, Azzah A Alshehri

Essential oils are complex mixtures of organic compounds that give characteristic odour and flavour to the plants. There are several techniques for essential oils extraction, including Hydrodistillation (HD). Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) is an advanced hydrodistillation technique, in which a microwave oven is used in the extraction process. MAHD and HD methods have been compared and evaluated for their effectiveness in the isolation of essential oils from fresh Pelargonium graveolens leaves that collected from north locations of KSA (Al-Riyadh, Mecca, and Al-Qatif). The composition of extracted essential oils was analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The identification will by the carried out by computer matching with NIST library as well as by comparison the retention time with standards. Results indicated that the use of microwave irradiation did not adversely influence the composition of the essential oils. A total of 67 compounds were identified in both HD and MAHD essential oils. The main constituents of HD oils were β-Citronellol (21.87-35.46%), Citronellyl formate (8.28-15.44%), and Geraniol (7.29-17.55%). While the main constituents of MAHD oils were β-Citronellol (24.66-32.95%), Citronellyl formate (10.51-13.71%), and Geraniol (6.84-9.68%). Results also indicated that the geographic location and the environment influenced in chemical composition of P. graveolens essential oil. So, we recommend further study on other plants grown in KSA.

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