Abstract

Extraction, phytochemical composition and antimicrobial inhibition efficiency of the methanol extracts of the crude seed sample and the basic metabolites from crude seed and leaf samples of Datura Stramonium(Thorn Apple)

Author(s): Nwokonkwo DC and Ndukuba JC

The seed of Datura Stramonium was defatted with petroleum ether and the marc cold extracted with methanol. The methanol extract was partitioned in dilute sodium hydroxide: hydrochloric acid: chloroform (NaOH:HCl:CHCl3) and treated to obtain the basic metabolite. The dried leaf was also extracted using the batch method with methanol and was also partitioned in the same medium to obtain the basic portion or basic metabolite of the extract. The phytochemical analysis of the crude seed sample and its basic metabolite revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids and saponins and absence of steroids and glycosides. The basic metabolite obtained from the leaf extract showed the presence of all the phytochemicals except flavonoid. The antibacterial sensitivity carried out on Muller Hinton agar using the agar well diffusion method (MHA) showed that the crude seed extract had no inhibition against the four pathogens used while the basic metabolite from the seed extract at a concentration of 50 mg/10 mL(milligrams/ milliliter) showed inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values of 10 mm for Escherichia coli, 20 mm for Salmonella typhi and no activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. The basic portion of the plant leaf extract at the same concentration of 50 mg/10mL showed IZD of 28 mm for salmonella typhi, 8 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia and 8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus; this basic portion was not active at all against Escherichia coli. The standard drug ampiclox which was used as control drug at 50 mg/mL showed IZD values of 18 mm for the four pathogens respectively. This indicated that the basic metabolites from both extracts would serve as potential antimicrobial compounds against typhoid fever; even more potent than the control drug ampiclox.

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