Abstract

Current Trends in Breast Cancer Treatments

Author(s): Kalyani R. Thombre, Krishna R. Gupta* and Milind J. Umekar

Worldwide, Breast Cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer type accounting for approximately 2.3 million new cases and 685, 000 deaths in 2020. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer continues to pose significant challenges due to different molecular subtypes posing different therapeutic challenges. Genetic and hereditary predispositions are among the numerous risk factors linked to the development of breast cancer. The spectrum of breast cancers is very wide. Early-stage breast cancer is thought to be curable and the mainstay of treatment for it is local-regional therapy (radiation and surgery), with systemic therapy administered either before or after surgery as needed. The conventional therapy for early-stage BC is mastectomy alone or breast-conserving surgery coupled with radiation and lymph node, ER, PR and HER-2 status. Breast cancer therapy has evolved from a surgical method to a more comprehensive strategy. Preoperative or neoadjuvant therapy is now necessary for most cases of early-stage breast cancer and may involve immune checkpoint inhibitors. Endocrine therapy and chemotherapy are the most common therapies for persons with hormone-positive (ER+ and HER2+) breast cancer making them simpler to treat. Immunotherapy is developing as an important part of breast cancer, treatment. Despite initial disappointments immunomodulation and cancer vaccines have shown clinical benefits. Gene therapy introduces genetic material into target cells via a vector, followed by gene correction, addition or suppression. The present review explores current trends in breast cancer treatments, including surgery, endocrine therapy chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy. Finding new treatment targets, refining combination medicines and comprehending the function of tumor evolution should be the top priorities for future research. Improving patient outcomes will require a focus on combining genetic and proteomic data to enhance precision medicine and a study of the social and psychological aspects affecting treatment adherence. Through this review, we propose to highlight the critical need for further study and a multidisciplinary strategy to understand the complexity of breast cancer and eventually increase patient survival rates and quality of life.

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