Green mediated transition metal nanoparticles have received great attention in scientific and technological fields due to their catalytic and magnetic properties. Currently, cobalt oxide is gaining interest in the environmental and biomedical fields because of its high exciton binding energy and magnetic properties. In the nano technological area, researchers always prefer the physical and chemical approach to the biological approach due to the uncontrollable morphological changes during the synthesis of particles. But biologically mediated nanoparticles are considered to have a synergistic effect with phytochemicals, which can reduce toxic chemicals as well as high energy requirements. Functional molecules of phytochemicals involve and act as reducing, stabilizin and capping agents in the synthesis of cobalt oxide and can modify the nature of nanoparticle features. This review summarizes the factors and parameters affecting the morphological changes during the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles and their optimization parameters for the desired size and shape of cobalt nanoparticles. In addition, the reaction processes of cobalt nanoparticle formation and their various applications are especially focused on in this review.
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